Implementation of intervention measures

Intervention measures are actions that seek to eliminate the risk to the safe use of a contaminated area . These actions depend on the type of contamination , its location and intended use of the property , and of course the technical and financial viability for its realization .

The main actions to eliminate the risks and suitability of the areas are divided into the following groups :

• Disposal Active Sources: When it detects the existence of active sources of contamination of water and soil within a site , its stagnation and elimination are actions that must be immediate intervention . Are called primary sources and leaks in process tanks and secondary sources those associated with free product phase present in the subsurface due to a leak has occurred , which may be less dense phase ( petroleum hydrocarbons ) or more dense than water ( halogenated solvents ) , which determines their placement within the hydrogeological profile of an aquifer and its greater or lesser difficulty of recovery.

• Engineering measures: These are actions that seek to eliminate risks through civil works to prevent the spread of the receivers and the contact with the contamination. Are generally applicable to compounds bit dark . Examples are works waterproofing contaminated surface soils , capping of waste or contaminated soil , contaminated insulation with restricted access areas.

• Institutional Arrangements: These are actions defined by public bodies , restricting the use of water resources or areas impacted by contamination to the local population until rehabilitation measures are completed.

Remediation measures : comprises applying one or more technique of removing contaminants in impacted means in stages dissolved , adsorbed or steam so as to achieve concentrations safe for use in an area levels , as determined by evaluation ? risk.

The application technique depends on the characteristics of the contaminated medium (depth , permeability , etc.) and the characteristics of the contaminants (volatility , density , solubility, degradability among others).

When these techniques are applied directly on the site , if called for in situ remediation . The remediation will be called when the ex situ treatment of soil contaminated water or if it goes into the surface or externally to the site , the example is the removal of the contaminated material to be treated in landfills or be incinerated soil.

Once you have studied and understood the place declared as contaminated , are analyzed remediation techniques viable for the area , taking into account factors such as cost -effectiveness , limitations , applicability , efficiency / effectiveness , advantages and disadvantages relations.

Among the methods used , they cite the following :

• Soil removal and Redeployment ;
• Multiphase extraction (Multi Phase Extraction - MPE);
• Pumping and Treatment (Pump & Treat);
• Soil Vapor Extraction (Soil Vapor Extraction - EVS);
• Air sparging ;
• bioremediation ;
• Chemical oxidation;
• phytoremediation;
• Thermal remediation;
• Monitored Natural Attenuation;
• Permeable Reactive Barrier .